for CSIR | TALE: an emerging tool for genome editing and genetic engineering | Current Science Article | March 2013

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 104, NO. 5, 10 MARCH 2013

Basavraj Khanppnavar, Shashi Baruah and Suvendra Kumar Ray

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are one of the important virulence tools used by a genus of plant pathogen bacteria belonging to Xanthomonas spp. Naturally TALEs function as eukaryotic transcription factors that bind to specific host promoter sequence and thus regulate gene expression. In brief, they re-programme the host cells resulting in improved bacterial multiplication inside the host cells. TALEs are injected into the host cell cytoplasm via the type III protein secretory system, otherwise known as Hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) secretion system in plant pathogenic bacteria1–3.

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